Can you avoid redundancies?

Firstly it is important to ensure that you have done all you can to avoid redundancies. This means releasing any freelancers or self-employed contractors, reducing overtime, avoiding active recruitment, filling vacancies elsewhere with existing employees and so on.

Redundancy Support and Process

Who Will Be Made Redundant?

If you’ve come to the conclusion that there’s no other option, you’ll then need to decide which roles will be made redundant. But this needs to be done so fairly and you should focus on the roles to be made redundant – not people. You cannot decide based on pregnancy, part-time employment, age or race and so on. You may look at skills, ability, attendance, length of service and more.

Hold Consultations

When you’ve made a decision on the roles that are at risk, the next step is to hold redundancy consultations. You must work through the consultation process in full; going ahead without doing so may mean that employees can claim the redundancy process/dismissal was unfair.

If you’re making twenty or more employees redundant within a 90-day period, you will need to follow collective consultation rules and submit an HR1 form to the Secretary of State via the Insolvency Service’s Redundancy Payments Service (RPS). You will need to consult for at least 30 days, increasing to 45 days if you propose to make 100+ redundancies.

Redundancy Notice Periods

Once a redundancy decision is confirmed, the employer must issue written notice of redundancy. The minimum statutory redundancy notice period is determined by the employee’s length of continuous employment:

  • Up to 1 month’s service — no statutory minimum notice
  • 1 month to 2 years’ service — 1 week’s notice
  • 2 or more years’ service — 1 week for each complete year of continuous employment, up to a maximum of 12 weeks

Contractual notice, if greater than the statutory minimum, must also be observed. The employee may work their notice or be placed on garden leave; in some cases notice may be paid in lieu (PILON) depending on the employment contract. We advise employers on how to calculate and communicate notice correctly to avoid claims for wrongful dismissal.

Statutory Redundancy Pay

Employees with at least two years’ continuous employment are entitled to statutory redundancy pay. The amount is calculated using a standard formula based on age, weekly pay (subject to a statutory cap, reviewed annually), and length of service. Employers may choose to offer an enhanced redundancy payment above the statutory minimum; any enhanced terms must be agreed in advance and applied consistently. We calculate statutory entitlements, advise on enhanced schemes, and ensure all payments are correctly documented to avoid disputes.

Before You Begin: Can Redundancies Be Avoided?

Before commencing a redundancy procedure in the UK, employers have a duty to consider whether redundancies can be avoided. This is not just good practice; it is a legal obligation that a tribunal will scrutinise if a redundancy dismissal is later challenged. Steps to consider include: ending temporary contracts and agency arrangements, halting active recruitment, reducing overtime, redeploying existing employees to fill vacancies elsewhere in the business, and exploring whether temporary wage reductions or hours adjustments are feasible. Harwood HR advises employers on how to document this consideration process properly, providing evidence that all reasonable alternatives were explored before redundancies were confirmed.

Redundancy Selection Criteria

If redundancies cannot be avoided, you must first define which roles are at risk, then apply fair, objective redundancy selection criteria to identify which employees will be made redundant. Selection must focus on the roles, not individuals. Criteria based on protected characteristics, pregnancy, age, disability, race, sex, or part-time status render a redundancy automatically unfair. Commonly accepted criteria include skills and competencies, attendance records, performance, flexibility, and length of service (though LIFO must be used carefully to avoid age discrimination).

The criteria must be defined in advance, applied consistently, and documented. We advise employers on which criteria are appropriate for their workforce structure, how to score employees objectively, and how to document the selection process in a way that withstands tribunal scrutiny.

The Redundancy Consultation Process

The redundancy consultation duty applies to every redundancy — regardless of the number of employees affected. Even where only one role is being made redundant, the employer must hold a genuine individual consultation before the decision is finalised. Individual consultation must be meaningful — not a formality conducted after the decision has already been made. The employee must be told they are at risk, given the opportunity to propose alternatives, and given reasonable time to respond before a final decision is communicated.

Collective Redundancy Consultation Rules

Where 20 or more employees at one establishment are proposed for redundancy within a 90-day period, collective redundancy consultation rules apply. These requirements are in addition to, not instead of, individual consultation:

  • An HR1 form must be submitted to the Secretary of State (via the Insolvency Service Redundancy Payments Service) before consultation begins
  • Collective consultation must begin at least 30 days before the first dismissal takes effect
  • Where 100 or more redundancies are proposed, the minimum collective consultation period extends to 45 days
  • Consultation must be with elected employee representatives or a recognised trade union
  • Failure to follow collective rules can result in a Protective Award of up to 90 days’ gross pay per affected employee, with no cap on the number of employees

We manage the redundancy consultation process for employers, from identifying whether collective rules apply through to planning consultation timetables, preparing written notification to employee representatives, and ensuring the process is documented at every stage.

How Harwood HR Supports Your Redundancy Process

Our redundancy advice for employers service covers the full lifecycle of the process, from the initial decision to explore redundancies through to post-redundancy support for the retained workforce:

  • Business case preparation — documenting the commercial rationale for redundancies in a way that withstands tribunal challenge
  • Selection pool design — defining fair, objective selection criteria and scoring frameworks
  • Consultation management — planning and running individual and collective consultation processes, including HR1 submission
  • Script and letter preparation — at-risk letters, consultation invitations, outcome letters, and appeal notifications
  • Pay calculations — statutory redundancy pay, notice entitlements, and holiday accrual on termination
  • Post-redundancy support — advising on workforce restructure, communications to retained staff, and morale management

Redundancy support is available via our retained HR service (included as standard) or as a standalone project through tailored HR project support with a fixed fee agreed upfront. For single-role redundancies, our pay-as-you-go service provides expert guidance on a per-hour basis.

Your dedicated HR Experts

Duncan Turner

Duncan Turner

Duncan is a CIPD-qualified HR leader with 24+ years’ experience across retail, automotive, manufacturing and financial services. His expertise includes HR leadership, restructuring, acquisitions, employee relations and regulatory change. He has held senior roles with Sytner Group, Porsche GB and Dollar Financial Group and founded Harwood HR Solutions.

Zoe Lidster

Zoe Lidster

Zoe is a CIPD-qualified HR professional with extensive experience in HR, operations and training. She helped grow a business from 4 to 250+ employees and has expertise in acquisitions, TUPE, restructuring, recruitment, employee relations and FCA regulatory change, with a strong record of delivering HR projects without litigation.

Charlotte Cleaver

Charlotte Cleaver

Charlotte is a qualified HR professional with experience across people planning, organisational change, performance, talent and employee relations. She progressed to HR Business Partner at The Money Shop, supporting senior leadership through structural and financial change. Her expertise includes TUPE, redundancies, sickness absence and HR support across multiple sectors, including social care.

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